United States Academic Guidelines

Learn more about how Route2Write meets the US Common Core Academic Standards. 
How is Route2Write aligned to the US Common Core Standards?
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 7
Grade 8
Grade 9
Grade 10

Text Types and Purposes

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.1

Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons and information.

Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.1.A

Introduce a topic or text clearly, state an opinion, and create an organizational structure in which related ideas are grouped to support the writer's purpose.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.1.B

Provide reasons that are supported by facts and details.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.1.C

Link opinion and reasons using words and phrases (e.g., for instance, in order to, in addition).

No specific nonfiction sentence opener lesson but it is covered in descriptive writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.1.D

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the opinion presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.2

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.2.A

Introduce a topic clearly and group related information in paragraphs and sections; include formatting (e.g., headings), illustrations, and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.2.B

Develop the topic with facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples related to the topic.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.2.C

Link ideas within categories of information using words and phrases (e.g., another, for example, also, because).

No specific nonfiction sentence opener lesson but it is covered in descriptive writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.2.D

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.2.E

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the information or explanation presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.3

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.3.A

Orient the reader by establishing a situation and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.3.B

Use dialogue and description to develop experiences and events or show the responses of characters to situations.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.3.C

Use a variety of transitional words and phrases to manage the sequence of events.

Unit 2: Descriptive Writing
Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 7: Descriptive Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.3.D

Use concrete words and phrases and sensory details to convey experiences and events precisely.

Unit 2: Descriptive Writing
Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 7: Descriptive Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.3.E

Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

Production and Distribution of Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.4

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.5

With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, and editing. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 4 here.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.6

With some guidance and support from adults, use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others; demonstrate sufficient command of keyboarding skills to type a minimum of one page in a single sitting.

Throughout All Units

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.7

Conduct short research projects that build knowledge through investigation of different aspects of a topic.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.8

Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.9

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.9.A

Apply grade 4 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Describe in depth a character, setting, or event in a story or drama, drawing on specific details in the text [e.g., a character's thoughts, words, or actions].").

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.9.B

Apply grade 4 Reading standards to informational texts (e.g., "Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text").

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.4.10

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Throughout All Units

Text Types and Purposes

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.1

Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons and information.

Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.1.A

Introduce a topic or text clearly, state an opinion, and create an organizational structure in which ideas are logically grouped to support the writer's purpose.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.1.B

Provide logically ordered reasons that are supported by facts and details.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.1.C

Link opinion and reasons using words, phrases, and clauses (e.g., consequently, specifically).

No specific nonfiction sentence opener lesson but it is covered in descriptive writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.1.D

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the opinion presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.2

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.2.A

Introduce a topic clearly, provide a general observation and focus, and group related information logically; include formatting (e.g., headings), illustrations, and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.2.B

Develop the topic with facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples related to the topic.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.2.C

Link ideas within and across categories of information using words, phrases, and clauses (e.g., in contrast, especially).

No specific nonfiction sentence opener lesson but it is covered in descriptive writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.2.D

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.2.E

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the information or explanation presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.3

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.3.A

Orient the reader by establishing a situation and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.3.B

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, description, and pacing, to develop experiences and events or show the responses of characters to situations.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.3.C

Use a variety of transitional words, phrases, and clauses to manage the sequence of events.

Unit 2: Descriptive Writing
Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 7: Descriptive Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.3.D

Use concrete words and phrases and sensory details to convey experiences and events precisely.

Unit 2: Descriptive Writing
Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 7: Descriptive Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.3.E

Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

Production and Distribution of Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.4

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.5

With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 5 here.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.6

With some guidance and support from adults, use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others; demonstrate sufficient command of keyboarding skills to type a minimum of two pages in a single sitting.

Throughout All Units

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.7

Conduct short research projects that use several sources to build knowledge through investigation of different aspects of a topic.

Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.8

Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources; summarize or paraphrase information in notes and finished work, and provide a list of sources.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.9

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.9.A

Apply grade 5 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Compare and contrast two or more characters, settings, or events in a story or a drama, drawing on specific details in the text [e.g., how characters interact]").

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.9.B

Apply grade 5 Reading standards to informational texts (e.g., "Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text, identifying which reasons and evidence support which point[s]"").

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.10

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Throughout All Units

Text Types and Purposes

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.1

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.1.A

Introduce claim(s) and organize the reasons and evidence clearly.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.1.B

Support claim(s) with clear reasons and relevant evidence, using credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.1.C

Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the relationships among claim(s) and reasons.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.1.D

Establish and maintain a formal style.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.1.E

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the argument presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.2

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.2.A

Introduce a topic; organize ideas, concepts, and information, using strategies such as definition, classification, comparison/contrast, and cause/effect; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.2.B

Develop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.2.C

Use appropriate transitions to clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.2.D

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.2.E

Establish and maintain a formal style.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.2.F

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the information or explanation presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.3

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.3.A

Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.3.B
Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, and description, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.3.C

Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence and signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.3.D

Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to convey experiences and events.

Unit 2: Descriptive Writing
Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 7: Descriptive Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.3.E

Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

Production and Distribution of Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.4

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.5

With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 6 here.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.6

Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others; demonstrate sufficient command of keyboarding skills to type a minimum of three pages in a single sitting.

Throughout All Units

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.7

Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and refocusing the inquiry when appropriate.

Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.8

Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources; assess the credibility of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and providing basic bibliographic information for sources.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.9

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.9.A

Apply grade 6 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres [e.g., stories and poems; historical novels and fantasy stories] in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics").

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.9.B

Apply grade 6 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and evidence from claims that are not").

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.10

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Throughout All Units

Text Types and Purposes

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.1

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.1.A

Introduce claim(s) and organize the reasons and evidence clearly.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.1.B

Support claim(s) with clear reasons and relevant evidence, using credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.1.C

Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the relationships among claim(s) and reasons.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.1.D

Establish and maintain a formal style.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.1.E

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the argument presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.2

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.2.A

Introduce a topic; organize ideas, concepts, and information, using strategies such as definition, classification, comparison/contrast, and cause/effect; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.2.B

Develop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.2.C

Use appropriate transitions to clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.2.D

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.2.E

Establish and maintain a formal style.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.2.F

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the information or explanation presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.3

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.3.A

Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.3.B
Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, and description, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.3.C

Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence and signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.3.D

Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to convey experiences and events.

Unit 2: Descriptive Writing
Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 7: Descriptive Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.3.E

Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

Production and Distribution of Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.4

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.5

With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 7 here.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.6

Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and link to and cite sources as well as to interact and collaborate with others, including linking to and citing sources.

Throughout All Units

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.7

Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions for further research and investigation.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.8

Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.9

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.9.A

Apply grade 7 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Compare and contrast a fictional portrayal of a time, place, or character and a historical account of the same period as a means of understanding how authors of fiction use or alter history").

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.9.B

Apply grade 7 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g. "Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient to support the claims").

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.7.10

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Throughout All Units

Text Types and Purposes

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1.A

Introduce claim(s), acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1.B

Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1.C

Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1.D

Establish and maintain a formal style.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1.E

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2.A

Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts, and information into broader categories; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2.B

Develop the topic with relevant, well-chosen facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2.C

Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2.D

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2.E

Establish and maintain a formal style.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2.F

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3.A

Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and point of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3.B

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, and reflection, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3.C

Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence, signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another, and show the relationships among experiences and events.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3.D

Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action and convey experiences and events.

Unit 2: Descriptive Writing
Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 7: Descriptive Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3.E

Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on the narrated experiences or events.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

Production and Distribution of Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.4

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.5

With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 8 here.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.6

Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas efficiently as well as to interact and collaborate with others.

Throughout All Units

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.7

Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.8

Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.9

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.9.A

Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Analyze how a modern work of fiction draws on themes, patterns of events, or character types from myths, traditional stories, or religious works such as the Bible, including describing how the material is rendered new").

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.9.B

Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced").

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.10

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Throughout All Units

Text Types and Purposes

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.A

Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.B

Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.C

Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.D

Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.E

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.A

Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.B

Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.C

Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.D

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.e

Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.f

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic).

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.A

Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.B

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.C

Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.D

Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.

Unit 2: Descriptive Writing
Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 7: Descriptive Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.E

Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.

Unit 4: Narrative Writing
Unit 9: Narrative Writing

Production and Distribution of Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.4

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.5

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grades 9-10 here.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.6

Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.

Throughout All Units

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.7

Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.8

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Unit 1: Informative Writing
Unit 3: Persuasive Writing
Unit 6: Informative Writing
Unit 8: Persuasive Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.9

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Unit 6: Informative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.9.A

Apply grades 9-10 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work [e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare]").

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.9.B

Apply grades 9-10 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning").

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.10

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Throughout All Units

Text Types and Purposes

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Unit 1: Composition

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.A

Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

Unit 1: Composition

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.B

Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns.

Unit 1: Composition

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.C

Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 6: Composition

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.D

Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 4: New Media
Unit 5: Spoken Language
Unit 6: Composition
Unit 8: Literary Studies
Unit 9: New Media

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1.E

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 4: New Media
Unit 5: Spoken Language
Unit 6: Composition
Unit 8: Literary Studies
Unit 9: New Media

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

Unit 6: Composition

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.A

Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 4: New Media
Unit 6: Composition
Unit 8: Literary Studies
Unit 9: New Media

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.B

Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 6: Composition

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.C

Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.D

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.e

Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 4: New Media
Unit 6: Composition
Unit 7: Creative Writing
Unit 9: New Media

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2.f

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic).

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 4: New Media
Unit 6: Composition
Unit 7: Creative Writing
Unit 9: New Media

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.

Unit 2: Creative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.A

Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.

Unit 2: Creative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.B

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Unit 2: Creative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.C

Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.

Unit 2: Creative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.D

Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.

Unit 2: Creative Writing
Unit 7: Creative Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3.E

Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.

Unit 2: Creative Writing

Production and Distribution of Writing

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.4

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.5

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grades 9-10 here.)

Throughout All Units

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.6

Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.

Throughout All Units

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.7

Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 6: Composition
Unit 8: Literary Studies

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.8

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 6: Composition
Unit 8: Literary Studies

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.9

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Unit 1: Composition
Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 6: Composition
Unit 8: Literary Studies

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.9.A

Apply grades 9-10 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work [e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare]").

Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 8: Literary Studies

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.9.B

Apply grades 9-10 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning").

Unit 3: Literary Studies
Unit 8: Literary Studies

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.10

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Throughout All Units